Mesopotamia Viz Egypt
OVERVIEW
MESOPOTAMIA viz EGYPT
EVOLUTION
GOD’S INTELLIGENCE – HE PERIODICALLY ‘SENDS’ ONTO THE EARTH
3 500 BCE – 2 033 BCE
ACCEPTED DATES OF MY BLOGS
The MESOPOTAMIA MAP, before the rise of the oceans and losing the Cities of the GARDEN OF EDEN and SUMER. The Euphrates and the Tigris emptied independently into the PERSIAN GULF.
3 500 – 3 100 BCE
THE CADIR HOYOK – They do not seem to have lasted for long, again we see an artificial mount.
Why did they cover their cities up? Who should not have discovered them? They were a people from around 6 000 years of living. This settlement reveals an important Chronological story. Their fortunes and their misfortunes of a region and its people, within the ANATOLIAN (TURKEY) PLATEAU
3 384 – 3 019 BCE
ENOCH (WALKS WITH GOD)
3 019 BCE, was the last day ENOCH was seen on EARTH. He was 365 Years at the time when he was last seen. He had METHUSELAH, when he was about 65 years old.
3 319 - 2 350 BCE
METHUSELAH (LONGEST LIVED)
He was 187 years when he had LAMECH. He lived for 965 years.
3 300 – 3 100 BCE
THE HOROM – Located in the SHIRAK PLAIN, North-western ARMENIA. An advanced nation. They do not seem to have survived for long.
3 150 BCE
EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD IN EGYPT
THE VARIOUS DEVELOPMENT PERIOD OF EGYPT – EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD – 3 150 – 2 688 BCE.
It was the time of SUMERIAN-AKKADIAN Civilisations of MESOPOTAMIA and of ANCIENT ASIA. ELAM, a Priest known as MANETHO, formed a relationship with a king named MERI or MENES, or was it NARMER. MENES, had reduced the lengthy list, of EGYPTIAN KINGS to only 30 DYNASTIES, and together they united UPPER and LOWER EGYPT.
MEMPHIS became their CAPITAL, from where the LABOUR FORCE for agriculture along the fertile NILE and the TRADE ROUTES to the LEVANT were controlled.
3 100 BCE
ANCIENT NEAR EAST:
Home of early CIVILIZATION within a region corresponding to modern MIDDLE EAST:
MESOPOTAMIA (Modern Day IRAQ – SOUTHEAST TURKEY – SOUTHWEST IRAN – NORTHERN SYRIA and KUWAIT).
3 100 BCE
ANCIENT EGYPT – Ancient IRAN – ELAM – MEDIA – PARTHIA – PERSIA
3 100 BCE
SUMERIANS and the AKKADIANS, including ASSYRIA, and BABYLON dominated MESOPOTAMIA, until the fall of BABYLON in 539 BCE.
3 132 – 2 355 BCE
LAMECH
LAMECH dies at the age of 777 years old. ADAM was still alive – At the age of 182 years. LAMECH had a son, NOAH at the age of 682 years. He lived for a total of 777 years. I could not exactly find where LAMECH lived, but he was the son of METHUSELAH, and he was the 8th Generation from ADAM. He is the father of NOAH, and his wife was ASHMUA, If we follow the DATELINE, then LAMECH died 5 Years before the Flood.
This is where the story gets interesting for me. We see that GOD had already cursed the land – GENESIS 3:17 – GENESIS 5 :29 However, whatever happened which led to the cursing of the land, we see that NOAH had listened to GOD, and after the ‘Flood,’ whatever the true story could have been.
GOD seems to take a different point of view on “man” despite HIS acknowledgement that “man is evil in his heart, from his youth”.
DURING THIS PERIOD GOD PROMISES ‘MAN’ THAT HE WILL NEVER CURSE THE LAND AGAIN.
3 000 – 2 200 BCE
Evidence indicates that the weather becomes ‘softer’ and therefore less damaging. However, we do see a MAJOR VOLCANIC ERUPTION during the year 2 200 BCE around ICELAND, disrupting the weather severely around the NORTH ATLANTIC and the ARTIC CIRCLE. Bitter cold winters and poor summers resulted in more SEA LEVELS AROUND THE WORLD rising again.
2 334 BCE
AKKADIAN is established
It was taken by SARGON in 2 284 BCE – creating a UNITED REGION
3 074 BCE
ADAM – DIES
2 950 BCE
NOAH
2 000 Dies
At the age of 500 years – NOAH had SHEM, HAM, and JAPHETH.
NOAH had another son – who became the PASTOR of NIMROD. . . .
HIS NAME WAS BOUNITER
According to the BOOK OF ROLLS (part CLEMENTINE LITERATURE) BOUNITER was born after the flood. He invented ASTRONOMY and instructed NIMROD, who later chased Abraham through the mountains, until he left his home town.
OLD KINGDOM
2 700 BCE – 2 200 BCE - EGYPT
The OLD KINGDOM, is the name commonly given to the period of 3 000 BCE, when EGYPT attained its first continuous peak of civilization in complexity and achievement – the first of three so-called “KINGDOMS” period marked the high points of civilization in the LOWER NILE VALLEY – the other being MIDDLE KINGDOM and the NEW KINGDOM.
The term OLD KINGDOM, coined during the nineteenth century, is arbitrary.
EGYPTIANS at that time would have seen no distinction between the OLD KINGDOM, and the preceding EARLY DYNASTY PERIOD, since the last EARLY DYNASTY king was related by blood to the first two kings of the OLD KINGDOM, and the EARLY DYNASTIC ROYAL RESIDENCE at INEB-HEDJ (The White Walls). His majestic fortifications remained unchanged except for the names, during the OLD KINGDOM, the CAPITAL was at MEMPHIS.
The basic justification between the EARLY DYNASTY PERIOD and the OLD KINGDOM is the revolutionary change in ARCHITECTURE accompanied by the effects that large-scale building projects had on the EGYPTIAN SOCIETY and economy.
The OLD KINGDOM spanned the period from the THIRD DYNASTY to the SIXTH DYNASTY 2 686 – 2 134 BCE.
Many EGYPTOLOGISTS also include the MEMPHITE SEVENTH and EIGHTH DYNASTIES in the OLD KINGDOM as a continuation of the administration that had been firmly established in MEMPHIS.
Thereafter, the OLD KINGDOM was followed by a period of disunity and relative cultural decline – “a dark period” that spanned the SEVENTH to the TENTH and parts of the ELEVENTH DYNASTIES, referred to by many as the FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD. It began with the CAPITAL at MEMPHIS, site of the THIRD DYNASTY COURT of PHAROAH DJOSER – formal name NEERIKHET, which means “DIVINE OF THE BODY.”
His reign 2 630 – 2 611 BCE, is known today as the “AGE OF THE PYRAMIDS” for the substantial number of pyramids constructed as burial places for Pharaohs.
The oldest Pyramid, and first Pyramid built in EGYPT, is the STEP PYRAMID OF DJOSER, which still towers above the landscape at SAQQARA, the ROYAL NECROPOLIS complex designed by the first named ARCHITECT in the HISTORY, IMHOTEP – 2 635 – 2 595 BCE, near MEMPHIS.
More than an architect, IMHOTEP also served as a physician, high priest, official scribe, vizier, a political advisor, and administrative overseer, one below the PHARAOH, which made him the highest official at the ROYAL COURT.
Because his name is known, IMHOTEP is credited with many architectural achievements during the THIRD DYNASTY. Yet only three projects are known with certainty to have been built under his direction: the STEP PYRAMID 277 – 544 Meter burial complex of PHAROAH DJOSER surrounded by a high wall featuring one real and fourteen false doors, and the nearby unfinished pyramid of PHAROAH SEKHEMKHET, meaning “powerful in Body”, reign 2 648 – 2 640 BCE where IMHOTEP’s name is inscribed on the north side of the enclosure wall of the unfinished pyramid.
The next step in the progression toward a “true pyramid” occurred near the end of IMHOTEP’s life during the reign of the early Fourth Dynasty PHAROAH SNEFERU at his Royal necropolis at DAHSHUR, where an unknown architect built the so-called BENT PYRAMID around 2 600 BCE.
A unique example in pyramid construction, the BENT PYRAMID has angled rather than straight sides, the lower part of the pyramid rises from the desert at a 55-degree inclination, while the top section is built at a shallower 43-degree angle, lending the pyramid it’s obvious “bent’ appearance. SNEFERU abandoned it before it was completed.
Size matters, influenced the GOLDEN AGE of the OLD KINGDOM. The FOURTH DYNASTY 2 613 – 2 494 BCE was a time of relative peace and prosperity during which trade with neighbouring regions provided pharaohs with the leisure to explore artistic and cultural pursuits, and the resources to build on a much grander scale.
SNEFERU then commissioned the building of the RED PYRAMID, also known as the NORTH PYRAMID, the largest of the three major pyramids located at the DAHSHUR necropolis. At the time of its completion, it was the tallest man-made structure in the known worldSNEFERU also built the MEDIUM PYRAMID. He was known as a prolific builder. He was also a muchloved ruler and increased the power of the ruling family by giving official titles and positions to relatives.
He conducted military excursions into the SINAI – NUBIA – LIBYA and began trade arrangements with LEBANON for the acquisition of CEDAR.
Keeping a tight rein on lands and estates enabled SNEFERU to maintain control over the always ambitious and restive EGYPTIAN NOBILITY.
SNEFERU’s son succeeded him. PHARAOH KHUFU ruled for approximately 23 years from 2 589 – 2 566 BCE and together with his son KHAFRA, and his grandson MANKAURE achieved lasting fame in the construction of the GREAT PYRAMID COMPLEX and GREAT SPHINX, PYRAMID OF KHAFRE and the PYRAMID OF MENKAURE at GIZA, the oldest and largest of the SEVEN WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD and a UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE.
The causes that brought about the downfall of the OLD KINGDOM were numerous, but some are merely hypothetical. One reason that is often quoted is the extremely long reign of PEPI II NEFERKARE, the last major pharaoh of the SIXTH DYNASTY. He may have had the longest reign of any monarch in history at 94 years – 2 278 – 2 184 BCE – outliving many of his heirs and creating problems with succession in the royal household. The regime of the OLD KINGDOM disintegrated amidst this disorganization.
EGYPT was ruled for approximately 594 years by the HERACLEOPLITAN KINGS. It is believed that they descended from LIBYAN INVADERS who came into EGYPT through FAYUM –
Many came and went in EGYPT after this time until the arrival of the THEBAN KINGS. They are believed to be descendants of INTEF or INYOTEF – 2 160 BCE –2 118 BCE. He was the monarch of THEBES, called the ‘KEEPER OF THE DOOR OF THE SOUTH” – He is credited to organizing UPPER EGYPT into an independent ruling body.
His successor Is INTEF II 2 118 – 2 069 BCE – then came INTEF III from 2 090 – 2 061 BCE. He captured ABYDOS, then moved into MIDDLE EGYPT against the HERACLEOPOTAN KINGS – the last kings of the INTERMEDIATE PERIOD. They were succeeded by a line of kings all called MENTUHOTEP – MENTUHOTEP II reigned from 2 061 – 2 010 BCE, he was also known as the NEBHEPETRA. He eventually defeated the HERACLEOPOLITAN KINGS around 2 033 BCE.
The end of the FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD occurred when MENTUHOTEP II defeated the HERACLEOPOLITAN KINGS OF LOWER EGYPT and reunited EGYPT under a single ruler. This ushered in a period of great wealth and prosperity and EGYPT becomes known as the MIDDLE KINGDOM.
DENISE
The dates reported in this BLOG, stands for correction, but what is certain, is that at this point along the DATE LINE, the world just got bigger.
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